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1943




Events

   * January 11 - The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial
     rights in China.
   * January 14 - Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the
     United States to travel by airplane while in office (Miami, Florida to
     Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill to discuss World War II).
   * January 15 - World War II: Japanese driven off Guadalcanal
   * January 15 - The world's largest office building, The Pentagon, is
     dedicated (Arlington, Virginia).
   * January 18 - World War II: Soviet officials announce they have broken
     the Wehrmacht's siege of Leningrad.
   * January 18 - The first uprising of Jews in the Warsaw ghetto
   * January 23 - World War II: British forces capture Tripoli from the
     Nazis.
   * January 24 - World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill
     conclude a conference in Casablanca.
   * January 27 - World War II: 50 bombers mount the first all American air
     raid against Germany (Wilhelmshaven was the target).
   * February 1 - World War II: Vidkun Quisling appointed Premier of Norway
     by the Nazi occupiers
   * February 2 - World War II: End of the Battle of Stalingrad in Russia.
   * February 7 - World War II: In the United States it is announced that
     shoe rationing will go into effect in two days.
   * February 8 - World War II: Battle of Kursk - the Russian army captures
     the city
   * February 8 - World War II: Battle of Guadalcanal - United States forces
     defeat Japanese troops.
   * February 11 - General Eisenhower is selected to command the allied
     armies in Europe.
   * February 14 - World War II:Rostov, Russia is liberated.
   * February 14 - World War II: The Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German
     General Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps launch an offensive against
     Allied defenses in Tunisia; it is the United States' first major battle
     defeat of the war
   * February 16 - World War II: Russia reconquers Kharkov
   * February 18 - The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement
   * February 20 - American movie studio executives agree to allow the
     Office of War Information to censor movies
   * February 22 - Members of White Rose are executed in Nazi Germany.
   * March 2 - World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea - United States and
     Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships
   * March 3 - 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an
     air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station in London.
   * March 8 - World War II: American forces are attacked by Japanese troops
     on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a battle that will last five days.
   * March 13 - World War II: In Bougainville, Japanese troops end their
     assault on American forces at Hill 700.
   * March 26 - World War II: Battle of Komandorski Islands - In the
     Aleutian Islands the battle begins when United States Navy forces
     intercept Japanese attempting to reinforce a garrison at Kiska.
   * April 22 - Albert Hofmann writes his first report about the
     hallucinogenic properties of LSD, which he first synthesized in 1938
     [1].
   * April 25 - Easter occurs on the latest possible date. Last time 1886
     next time 2038.
   * May 11 - World War II: American troops invade Attu in the Aleutian
     Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces.
   * May 13 - World War II: German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North
     Africa surrender to Allied forces.
   * May 16 - World War II: The Dambuster Raids by RAF 617 Sqdn on German
     dams.
   * May 16 - Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto uprising ends.
   * May 17 - World War II: Surviving RAF Dam Busters return.
   * May 17 - The United States Army contracts with the University of
     Pennsylvania's Moore School to develop the ENIAC.
   * May 24 - Holocaust: Josef Mengele becomes chief medical officer in
     Auschwitz.
   * July 5 - World War II: Battle of Kursk - The largest tank battle in
     history begins.
   * July 5 - World War II: An Allied invasion fleet sails to Sicily.
   * July 10 - World War II: The Allies begin their invasion of
     Axis-controlled Europe with landings on the island of Sicily, off
     mainland Italy.
   * July 19 - World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time
     in the war.
   * July 24 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian
     aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the
     end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have
     killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
   * July 25 - In Italy the Gran Consiglio del Fascismo retires its consent
     to Mussolini; Mussolini is arrested and the power is given to
     Maresciallo d'Italia Gen. Pietro Badoglio.
   * July 27 - World War II: USSR leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227
     in response to alarming German advances into Russia. Under the order
     all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders
     to do so will be immediately killed.
   * July 28 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah - The British bomb Hamburg
     causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
   * August 17 - World War II: The US 7th Army under General George S.
     Patton arrive in Messina followed several hours later by the British
     8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery, thus completing the
     Allied conquest of Sicily.
   * September 3 - Italy is invaded by the Allied forces during World War II
   * September 8 - Maresciallo d'Italia Gen. Pietro Badoglio subscribes the
     armistice with Allied troops.
   * November 2 - British troops, in Italy, reach the Garigliano River
   * December 24 - US General Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the supreme
     Allied commander.
   * December 30 - Chandra Bose raises the flag of Indian independence at
     Port Blair.
   * Development of the Colossus computer by British to break German
     encryption.

Births

   * January 2 - Baris Manco, Turkish celebrity
   * January 4 - Doris Kearns Goodwin, writer
   * January 10 - Jim Croce, singer (+ 1973)
   * January 11 - Jim Hightower, radio host, author
   * January 12 - Ray Manzarek, keyboardist for The Doors
   * January 19 - Janis Joplin, blues singer
   * January 19 - Princess Margriet of the Netherlands
   * January 24 - Sharon Tate, actress (+ 1969)
   * January 25 - Tobe Hooper, director
   * January 30 - Marty Balin, musician
   * February 3 - Blythe Danner, actress
   * February 5 - Nolan Bushnell, video game pioneer
   * February 5 - Craig Morton, American football star
   * February 6 - Fabian Forte, singer
   * February 7 - Gareth Hunt. actor
   * February 9 - Joe Pesci, actor
   * February 10 - Frank-Patrick Steckel, theater director
   * February 11 - Ian Cameron, British brigadier
   * February 14 - Maceo Parker, musician (P-Funk)
   * February 15 - Elke Heidenreich, journalist and writer
   * February 18 - Graeme Garden, writer, comedian, actor
   * February 19 - Mama Cass Elliot, singer
   * February 20 - Mike Leigh, director
   * February 21 - David Geffen, producer
   * February 23 - Fred Biletnikoff, American football star, coach
   * February 24 - George Harrison, musician, member of The Beatles
   * March 8 - Lynn Redgrave, actress
   * March 9 - Bobby Fischer, chess player
   * March 15 - David Cronenberg, director
   * March 22 - Bruno Ganz, actor
   * March 26 - Bob Woodward, journalist
   * March 29 - Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou, aka Vangelis, new age
     musician
   * March 29 - Eric Idle, actor, writer, composer
   * March 29 - John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
   * March 31 - Christopher Walken, actor
   * May 8 - Toni Tennille, singer
   * May 14 - Jack Bruce, bass guitarist
   * May 22 - Betty Williams, politician, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize
     for Peace
   * May 23 - John Newcombe, tennis player
   * May 31 - Joe Namath (Pro American Football Hall of Famer: quarterback)
   * May 31 - Sharon Gless (actress)
   * June 15 - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark
   * June 17 - Newt Gingrich, United States politician
   * July 4 - Geraldo Rivera, reporter, talk show host
   * July 10 - Arthur Ashe, tennis player
   * August 17 - Robert De Niro, United States actor
   * August 30 - Jean-Claude Killy, skier
   * September 11 - Gilbert Proesch, artist, half of Gilbert and George
   * October 2 - Franklin Rosemont, co-founder of the Surrealist Movement in
     the United States
   * November 7 - Joni Mitchell, musician
   * December 8 - James Douglas Morrison, later known as Jim Morrison,
     American singer, songwriter and poet.

Deaths

   * January 5 - George Washington Carver, educator, activist, botanist
   * January 23 - Alexander Woolcott, bon vivant
   * February 14 - David Hilbert, mathematician
   * March 28 - Sergei Rachmaninov, composer and pianist
   * May 26 - Edsel Ford
   * July 21 - Charlie Paddock, American athlete
   * August 28 - King Boris III of Bulgaria

Nobel Prizes

   * Physics - Otto Stern
   * Chemistry - George de Hevesy
   * Medicine - Henrik Carl Peter Dam, Edward Adelbert Doisy 1939 - Gerhard
     Domagk
   * Literature - not awarded
   * Peace - not awarded

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